Cryotherapy is one of the oldest methods link maker of physiotherapy, as well as heat treatment or

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Cryotherapy has been used by Hippocrates, Avicenna, Galen and other physicians and healers of ancient times. However, regardless of experience regarding the use of cold in medicine, the mechanism of its action is explained in detail in the second half of the 20th century. It is believed that at the present time, cryotherapy is experiencing a boom.
Cryotherapy is one of the oldest methods link maker of physiotherapy, as well as heat treatment or thermotherapy. Usually the term cryotherapy involves the synthesis link maker of medical treatment methods based on the use of low temperatures to cool the tissue, link maker organs or full body (Greek kryos - cold, therapy - treatment). Since different authors have different theories on the temperature, a single paragraph of the definition of cryotherapy does not exist. The physiological effects of cryotherapy are numerous - affects the cessation of pain, relaxes, acting anti-inflammatory, anti islands and varicose link maker veins, as it narrows the blood vessels. According to available data, cryotherapy increases the effect of medical preparations against various infections. The mechanism of action of cryotherapy may be explained on the basis of thermoregulation. The essence is to preserve a constant internal temperature of the body, as in the rest period, and in time of physical stress. The existence of central and peripheral termoreceptora that are sensitive to heat and cold, as well as nerve fibers associated with the control link maker center which is located in the hypothalamus, to sustain this process. Hypothalamic receptors are sensitive to the slightest change link maker in temperature. The center coordinates the hypothalamus receives link maker information from receptors with regulatory action of major organs. The skin is also an organ in which the arrival of the blood is not associated with local metabolic needs.
Supply epidermis blood is conditioned by the necessity of thermoregulation. In the experimental and clinical levels link maker were established temperature limits and phase in response vessels that occur during the application of cryotherapy.
The first phase in response - vasoconstriction, or the narrowing of blood vessels that is characterized by pallor and the appearance of "goose" skin, the appearance of pain and utrnulošću places to be treated. When the skin temperature decreases link maker to 15 C, performs the second stage or vasodilation, widening blood vessels. This phase is characterized by the appearance of a feeling of warmth, blush and increased temperature of the skin, reducing the island, pain and inflammation. During the second phase of the body is treated, since it raises the level of biologically active substances, including opioid peptides, neurotransmitter, link maker hormones and anti-inflammatory cytokines. In the second stage significantly link maker improves lymphatic and venous circulation, which contributes to more active expulsion of metabolic products and parts damaged cells. In the second stage creates a tolerance to cold, indicating increased nonspecific resistance. The analgesic effect of cryotherapy explained by the fact that during the period when the skin temperature drops to 15 C, there is a reduction in the degree of sensitivity of the nerves. Sensitivity to cold diametrically associated with the degree link maker of myelination of nerve fibers that transmit information about pain. In addition, the cooling is reduced by rapid movement of neurons which occurs link maker due to muscle relaxation. The cold reduces muscle contraction and in general, the nerve-muscle tension. Lowering the temperature to a certain place slows the metabolism in tissues and reduces the need for oxygen. It usually causes increased permeability of the membrane and absorption of interstitial fluid (water that lies between the cells). At the present time, cryotherapy involves both natural as well as outside sources created cold.
Natural methods in terms of the cold source are: toughening up the body in the cold air, baths and pouring cold water, walking in the snow, putting ice in certain places or wrapping the body in a cold pack (containing substances in interactions cause an endothermic reaction, that is used heat from the ambient), hloroetilenski spray, sinking part or the whole body in a bathtub full of water with ice. Application of climatic conditions is one of the methods of strengthening the body, combined with training that are pre-designed to increase the body's resistance and tissues to harmful effects. In order to strengthen the body's need to act on it, and to physical factors and by repeating over a long period link maker of time. Thanks repetition, develop conditionally-reflex connections between nadraživača and physiological link maker mechanisms of functional link maker systems, which are activated in order to adapt to changing conditions. When the time period link maker is considered, it should not be too long to avoid overloading. More effective are frequent, brief irritation